Trauma surgery

  The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocol is a standardized, systematic approach for the initial assessment and management of trauma patients, prioritizing immediate identification and treatment of life-threatening injuries. The core of the ATLS protocol is the structured primary and secondary survey process, widely used globally in emergency settings . Key steps in the ATLS protocol: Primary Survey (ABCDE approach): A irway maintenance with cervical spine protection B reathing and ventilation C irculation with hemorrhage control D isability (neurological status assessment, e.g., Glasgow Coma Scale) E xposure and environmental control (undress the patient while preventing hypothermia) . Resuscitation: Parallel to the primary survey, critical interventions are made: managing airway, supporting breathing, controlling bleeding, initiating IV access, and administering fluids or blood products as needed . Secondary Survey: Begins once the primary survey is complete and the pati...